Life is short. The impact of power states on base station lifetime

We study the impact of power state transitions on the lifetime of base stations (BSs) in mobile networks. In particular, we propose a model to estimate the lifetime decrease/increase as a consequence of the application of power state changes. The model takes into account both hardware (HW) parameters, which depend on the materials used to build the device, and power state parameters, that instead depend on how and when power state transitions take place. More in depth, we consider the impact of different power states when a BS is active, and one sleep mode state when a BS is powered off. When a BS reduces the power consumption, its lifetime tends to increase. However, when a BS changes the power state, its lifetime tends to be decreased. Thus, there is a tradeoff between these two effects. Our results, obtained over universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS) and long term evolution (LTE) case studies, indicate the need of a careful management of the power state transitions in order to not deteriorate the BS lifetime, and consequently to not increase the associated reparation/replacement costs

Optical communications and networking solutions for the support of C-RAN in a 5G environment

The widespread availability of mobile devices such as tablets and smartphones has led to fast-increasing mobile data traffic in the last few years [...

Lifetime-aware cloud data centers: models and performance evaluation

We present a model to evaluate the server lifetime in cloud data centers (DCs). In particular, when the server power level is decreased, the failure rate tends to be reduced as a consequence of the limited number of components powered on. However, the variation between the different power states triggers a failure rate increase. We therefore consider these two effects in a server lifetime model, subject to an energy-aware management policy. We then evaluate our model in a realistic case study. Our results show that the impact on the server lifetime is far from negligible. As a consequence, we argue that a lifetime-aware approach should be pursued to decide how and when to apply a power state change to a server

Adaptive data synchronization algorithm for IoT-oriented low-power wide-area networks

The Internet of Things (IoT) is by now very close to be realized, leading the world towards a new technological era where people’s lives and habits will be definitively revolutionized. Furthermore, the incoming 5G technology promises significant enhancements concerning the Quality of Service (QoS) in mobile communications. Having billions of devices simultaneously connected has opened new challenges about network management and data exchange rules that need to be tailored to the characteristics of the considered scenario. A large part of the IoT market is pointing to Low-Power Wide-Area Networks (LPWANs) representing the infrastructure for several applications having energy saving as a mandatory goal besides other aspects of QoS. In this context, we propose a low-power IoT-oriented file synchronization protocol that, by dynamically optimizing the amount of data to be transferred, limits the device level of interaction within the network, therefore extending the battery life. This protocol can be adopted with different Layer 2 technologies and provides energy savings at the IoT device level that can be exploited by different applications

Trade-off between power and bandwidth consumption in a reconfigurable xhaul network architecture

The increasing number of wireless devices, the high required traffic bandwidth, and power consumption will lead to a revolution of mobile access networks, which is not a simple evolution of traditional ones. Cloud radio access network technologies are seen as promising solution in order to deal with the heavy requirements defined for 5G mobile networks. The introduction of the common public radio interface (CPRI) technology allows for a centralization in BaseBand unit (BBU) of some access functions with advantages in terms of power consumption saving when switching off algorithms are implemented. Unfortunately, the advantages of the CPRI technology are to be paid with an increase in required bandwidth to carry the traffic between the BBU and the radio remote unit (RRU), in which only the radio functions are implemented. For this reason, a tradeoff solution between power and bandwidth consumption is proposed and evaluated. The proposed solution consists of: 1) handling the traffic generated by the users through both RRU and traditional radio base stations (RBS) and 2) carrying the traffic generated by the RRU and RBS (CPRI and Ethernet flows) with a reconfigurable network. The proposed solution is investigated under the lognormal spatial traffic distribution assumption. After proposing resource dimensioning analytical models validated by simulation, we show how the sum of the bandwidth and power consumption may be minimized with the deployment of a given percentage of RRU. For instance we show how in 5G traffic scenarios this percentage can vary from 30% to 50% according to total traffic amount handled by a switching node of the reconfigurable network

Switching Techniques for Voice and Data Communications in Integrated Service Data Networks.

Switching techniques applicable for integrated processing of voice and data communications are reviewed. After examining general characteristics of different types of traffic offered to an integrated network, a quantitative evaluation of the performance that each technique is capable of offering is presented. Particular attention is paid to the study of problems connected with the use of packet switching for voice communications and to the more significant developments of traditional techniques (circuit and packet) indicated in recent literature

Performance of Scheduling Algorithms Minimizing the Packet Loss in Optical Swicthes equipped with Limited Range and Shared Wavelength Converters

This paper compares some optical packet switching architectures that use the wavelength conversion technique to solve the packet contention problem. The architectures are equipped with shared and limited-range wavelength converters. We evaluate for these architectures the performance of the optimum scheduling algorithm by resolving an integer linear programming problem. Unfortunately the optimum scheduling algorithm has a high time complexity and it cannot be adopted for optical packet switches requiring packet scheduling time in the order of 10-100 ns. For this reason we propose some scheduling algorithms allowing the best optimum scheduling performance to be reached in low computation time. In particular we propose an algorithm able to reach good performance with a complexity O(M), M being the number of wavelengths used

Performance analysis of a prototypal multimedia service in an intelligent broadband network

Advanced multimedia multiparty services call for sophisticated signalling systems able to manage multiple parties and media in broadband environments. In this paper we dealt with the support of multimedia applications in an Intelligent Broadband Network (IBN), where the Intelligent Network, in a closed interaction with the B-ISDN, furnishes control functionality to handle complex service configuration. Some different options for an IN/B-ISDN interaction are discussed starting from the results of the INSIGNIA project (carried out in the framework of the European Union ACTS program) where a prototypal IBN system has been specified and developed in a field trial. Two main architectural solutions are discussed and a generic modelling methodology for the performance analysis of the control plane is presented. The objective of this modelling methodology is to provide insights into the behaviour of the system under dynamic conditions and to capture the influence of alternative functional settings. The proposed model is applied to the evaluation of the support of the Broadband Video Conference service in the prototypal system as well as to compare the performance of alternative architectural solutions for the IBN. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved